Macro Noodles

Fun Fact:

To date, Singapore has eight mass rapid transit (MRT) train lines with countless light rapid transit (LRT) trolly lines trekking through the country. Did you know that on at least two MRT lines--and all of LRT lines--run trains with no drivers? The trains are fully automated and no conductor is present on the trains during transit runs. The train is programmed to stop precisely at the station aligning with the station doors and automatically detects alighting and boarding passengers. To me, I find that a bit offsetting, especially when there is a female voice announcing any upcoming train stations, yet no human is actually there...but that's technology for ya!

On a random note, here is a funny joke that my Singaporean grad student supervisor once told me:

Question: "What do you call the heaviest noodle in the world?"

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Answer: A wonton noodle.

...and we're back! That random digression was much needed as the following monologue may very well be sleep-inducing. Computer techs, on the other hand, might find it captivating, who knows. Let's begin: This whole drive for machine power over manpower wouldn't have solid ground if it weren't for the flexibility and scripted nature of computer systems. What do I mean by this? I am talking about the machines with random access memory that can be written and rewritten to suit the needs of man--or woman :) --at will through programs. Programmable trains are examples (it kind of reminds me of those toy trains I loved so much as a child!), and of course our computers all show the increase in efficiency due to the human will to create such systems. Another example stems from my research where I experimented with macros on excel sheets to speed up my work in the lab. As mentioned--in meticulous detail--before, the laboratory I worked in Singapore was very efficient, so any constructive short route was preferred.

Macros are essentialy mini programs that are commanded by english-based coding to extrapolate and manipulate data. These programs can be used in many data processing systems, such as excel and even online video games. Surprisingly, macro programming is a really fun and quite simple to learn, but it has a stained reputation because of its heavy usage in spam emails, video game cheat bots, and even malware that can attack computer hardware. You may be familiar with those wierd and colorful number and letter security codes that you have to type during some online logins--yup, those are designed to stop macro bots. I started looking on the internet for simple macro codes to understand the general language, and from there I modified the codes to create new commands. Advanced macro programmers can type coding that goes on for pages--mines are only a few lines.

My first little project involved creating a cell counter on excel that acted as an on-screen calculator that I can use in conjuction with an imaging program to count algae cells. My next task is to sync this counter with that imaging program so that the program automatically calculates the cell count given certain parameters currently unavailable. That's one macro noodle!

(Little tangent: During the birth of this blog, I was chewing bubble gum, made in Japan, while I typing in Singapore. Why is this a significant moment? Because gum is technically banned in Singapore. My current goal is to chew and dispose before a guard sees me. I know, I'm an addict.)

~Lynnicia~

Opening my eyes

We went to a village in Twala and for the first time I found myself faced with a cultural gap that I could not bridge. The village was mainly women, all of whom had come together to try and create a new vision for females. They were from the Masai tribe, and were making the first steps to break away from a completely male dominated society.

To support themselves financially they made beaded souvenirs which the men took to local cities and sold. They also hosted tourist groups, such as ours, and took a portion of every dollar that came in to the village and put it towards a fund that sent the younger girls to school. As inspiring as this all appeared, it became apparent that there vision of females rights was quite different from mine. A young woman showed us around the village after we arrived and they greeted us with traditional song and dance where they grabbed us and twirled us around in a circle, smiling wide toothy grins the whole time. After we walked through one of the houses. It was made of wooden poles held together by mud and cow manure.

The luckier ones had gas efficient stoves that were powered by the methane released from decomposing cow manure that was placed inside a large bag outside the house.

There were two rooms in the house: a larger one where the man slept and a smaller one to the side where the women and children slept. The woman was only allowed to enter the man’s room when he wanted to have sex. The women collected water, food, repaired the houses, made the crafts, took care of the cattle, cooked, cleaned, entertained the tourists, and took care of the elderly and children in the village. It seemed a little unbalanced, especially since the male always had his meal before the woman and after a certain age was able to sit and not work while the woman worked until she was no longer physically capable. I recognized that I can not come in as an American and preach my opinion to people who are completely different than me, acting like my way is the right way and I know best. Regardless, it did not make it any less frustrating to watch.

We visited the local school as well, where we got to meet with some of the students. A year ago they turned it from a day school into a boarding school due to an increase in deaths from elephants in the early morning while the kids were walking to school. Elephants were a serious threat in Kenya. The week we were in Twala one person had died and another one had been injured from elephants. Elephants and wildlife were not the only threat to students. That year alone the school had lost three females students who dropped out when they became pregnant. The principle walked us around the grounds and through the buildings, explaining the struggles and triumphs of the school. The dorms were crammed with bunk beds that slept anywhere from 3-6 students on paper thing mattresses or on the cement floors under a leaky steel roof. The classrooms were surprisingly well stocked, with lab gear and textbooks. We spent some time talking with students in small groups, trying to get a feel for their lives, and at least for me, totally failing. How could I relate?

Before we left we walked back to the principle's office to sign a guest book and get contact information. While we walked up the rocky path I asked him what the age was of the youngest girl to drop out from pregnancy. The principal looked back over his shoulder at me. “Nine,” he said, and continued walking. I remembered where I was and stopped trying to judge something that I would never be able to understand. The students I had spoken with told me they wanted to go to University, that they wanted to travel. They taught me words in Swahili and giggled shyly when I made a poor attempt to repeat it. I was reminded that I have had nothing but opportunities in my life, some of which I have struggled for, but many of which I have been handed, and I felt nothing but gratitude for the people in my life who had made it all possible.

Photos by Kelsey Lucca

Go time

I don't blame people for staring as I imagine it was probably a uncommon sight In Nairobi to see a group of Americans cram into an open truck, bundled up in blankets and sweat shirts, and start playing 90’s rap music at lovely 6am. Far from the seat belted roofed school buses I’m used to, the unimog has a truck bed with a metal frame covered in canvas that rolls up on the sides and back exposing the two benches that run down the middle of it to the spectacular view, chilly air, and dusty roads.

From the moment I sat down on the hard wooden seat, my world was transformed. After two hours of driving the buildings were replaced with mountains and the occasional villages, the highways with pot hole lined dirt roads, and the people with wildlife.

The first stop was Mugie Ranch, a Rhino Sanctuary that was home to a diverse array of wildlife. It felt like I woke up and drove into every movie/book/fantasy you’ve ever heard or seen about Africa. Toilets and running water disappeared, my room became a tent, my bed a sleeping bag, the dining room consisted of stools around a bonfire, and the kitchen was a tarp wrapped around long wooden stakes driven into the ground. There is a sense of complete submission almost immediately. Everything is out of your control, and things go wrong so often it feels right, so you just allow yourself the freedom to let go and laugh because it’s all there is to do really.

We went on game drives and had lectures daily while we were there, reading at least two scientific papers a day as well as maintaining daily field notebooks. It was not as rigid as it sounds though, there were always circumstances that changed everything.

One afternoon, Julie approached us grinning and said “Lecture is canceled, we found the lions.” We piled into the cars and sped off road through bushes with Frank, the primary wildlife biologist there, hanging half his body out the window with a tracker to locate the collared individuals. We slowed down by a larger shrub which was shading two females sprawled out underneath of it. As impressive as they were, the scene was pretty uneventful, and we left after a few pictures. They went to take another trip back out to show the professors that hadn’t been to see them yet, and, since they had room and none of the other students wanted to come, I hopped back in to go take in the animals once again. This time, though, the trucks scared the lions out of the den. We found them a few kilometers away, in a field, under one lonely tree, with a male. We crept up slowly, getting close enough that I could see the hairs in his mane waving in the wind. I was in awe. So much so that I didn’t realize that I hadn’t been breathing until I started to feel a bit faint and finally exhaled.

Later that night we went on a night game drive. I sat on the roof of the range rover with a couple other students and we drove into the big open darkness. We saw little except for a pack of hyenas with a fresh kill. Most of the time I spent with my head facing upward, trying to take in the sheer size of the sky. There is something about the sky there, something that makes I feel so much larger. I tilted my head back just in time to catch a shooting star and thought, “This, this feeling, this is why I’m here.”

Welcome To Kenya

(I apologize in advance if there are not symbols where there should be, not sure how to use a Kenyan keyboard and for the shortness of the post, the internet is pretty spotty here)

The land rover that picked us up seemed romantically rustic and surreal at first. Until it was jolting and moving at a discouraging pace of 20 mph along the highway as cars screeched past us, swerving to get out of the way. Smoke poured out of the muffler. Welcome to Kenya, Julie said as she twisted around to face us, grinning from ear to ear. We stopped at a gas station to await an impromptu pick up for the next couple of hours.

Welcome to Kenya. In the past 36 hours, I have entered into a world that is as foreign to me as I could imagine. Nairobi, the capital, is where urban has somehow confined this rural area. Cows graze in the grass dividing the highway while scramble alongside sky high buildings. Monkeys hop out of trees and onto little tin build stands selling drinks and fruit.

Welcome to Nairobi. Where common questions are which malaria pill are you taking and how are your bowels? A place where smoke and dust combine with the lingering scent of gasoline along traffic jammed streets. Where people hold everything from cutlery to soccer balls to furniture outside your window for sale.

An odd place indeed, as everything seems to go wrong and yet nothing seems to bother anyone. Where half the population is unemployed, there is a high crime rate, and yet most people do nothing but giggle when you try to say a word in Swahili to them.

Tomorrow, I hop on the back of a vehicle that holds all the students in benches lining the sides, with no back, to traverse dirt roads into the mountains where I will begin my adventure at a rhino sanctuary. Kenya, I am at once mesmerized and enchanted, and can not imagine where the next four weeks will take me.

Hungry Ghost Festival Longevity Peach Pau = shou tao

Two weeks ago, I was in the market deciding which exotic fruit I would eat next. So far I have had rambutan and durian (Well known for being either absolutely delicious or pungent and horrible-when I ate it I could not taste or smell anything -no I wasn't sick- so I guess that means I like durian). I was going to pick mangosteen this week when I saw the most delicious, vibrant looking peach of my life. It was hot pink and then faded into white. There were a bunch of them at every fruit stand, I figured they just became ripe and by the way they were wrapped it seemed as so they were for some type of celebration. I thought to ask the vendor what they were, but then reconsidered because the last time I asked a vendor how you eat a rambutan I was awkwardly stared at for a few seconds and then ignored.


I splurged a bit to buy my peaches, but my excitement overcame these concerns and so I gladly shared the fruits of my labor with my apartment mates (pun anyone?). This is when Jackie pointed out that my fruit had an ingredients label, which included wheat and lotus! What a disappointment!! It turns out they were not very appetizing as well; the best way I could describe it is a roll with the thickness and sponginess of pretzel dough filled with thick fragrant, slightly sweet goop.
Since no one in my apartment was going to eat my peach rolls, I decided to bring them to work hoping that someone would recognize what they were and enjoy them.


For the large part of the lunch, my co workers laughed at my misinterpretation of the food. At the end though, one person declared that they were probably pau (a roll with filling in the center, a cousin of the Boston Crème) meant for the Hungry Ghost Festival.

The Hungry Ghost Festival, celebrated throughout South East Asia, is when the “gates of Hell” are open and ghosts are able to wonder the earth. The Chinese in Singapore, uphold this tradition by burning incense and providing offerings for the ghosts (like my peach). The basis of the tradition reminds me of Día de los muertos, from Mexican culture. Among the revelries of the festival are various theatrical performances which range from religious to comical in nature. The living are welcome to attend these performances, but the ghosts have reserved seats in the front rows.

With this knowledge, I thought it was not in my best interest to finish my Hungry Ghost Festival Peach Roll and left the remaining rolls at the table either for a passerby or a hungry ghost. The next day, when we returned to the pantry (which is what they call the room with sofas, a fridge, and a table tennis table, in my opinion pantry doesn’t do the room justice) to find that hungry ghost had not eaten all of the Ghost Festival Peach Rolls. We then debated whether they would ever actually go because they are intended for ghosts. Fortunately, someone from Chinese descent was also eating lunch with us that day and to everyone’s’ surprise and my pleasure she said that the roll was not meant for the Hungry Ghost Festival.
Instead, it was a longevity peach, called shou tao in Singapore (I knew it looked like a peach!!). In Singapore, the longevity peach is eaten on an elderly person’s birthday. The tradition comes from a Taoist story which said that there was once a peach tree which every three thousand years would grow peaches that would grant the eater immortality. These baked buns represent those peaches.

If I knew it was going to grant me eternal life, maybe I would have finished the shou tao I bought…


=]
Devinn

P.S. I finally bought a passion fruit. They are one of my favorite fruits, but I have only had them as a drink, never the actual fruit. I was very surprised by what they look like.


Really the fruit is like a soup, or maybe a stew. You need to cut through the hard shell with a knife. The fruit of the passion is the sweet (sometimes bitter) juice and the many seeds with a bubbly outer covering like that of a pomegranate. It is very appetizing, but you get so little fruit for what you spend on them!!

Glider Flying and Scuba Diving!

When dealing with the oceans, especially scientifically, there is one rule: always expect the unexpected. The ocean is largely under-sampled and poorly understood, especially considering its size, vastness, complexity, and dynamic nature. After all, oceanography is still a very new science. Oceanography really only became prevalent within the past century or so. There is more information known about the surface of the moon than that of our own ocean. This is particularly surprising considering that we live on the OCEAN PLANET - the ocean covers over 70% of the Earth's surface (it should really be called "Ocean", rather than "Earth"!). Even more so, it's particularly surprising because the ocean is the primary driver of Earth's weather patterns and climate. The ocean and atmosphere interact 24/7, and the ocean is a massive thermal reservoir. This is the reason that hurricanes gain extraordinary strength over warm ocean waters yet die out quickly once over land. Not only does the ocean affect the atmosphere and its weather patterns, but what we humans do on land affects the ocean as well, even from what we can't physically see with the naked eye (ex: carbon budgets, etc.).

Anyway, I digress...getting back to expecting the unexpected with the ocean. This of course applies to gliders, which are extremely subject to oceanic currents. Our initial plan was to fly SG514 and SG520 along predetermined patterns throughout Perth Canyon, which is relatively a very small area, ocean-wise. However, the ocean, of course, had different plans. Generally the Leeuwin Current flows southward and the Leeuwin Undercurrent flows northward a bit stronger than the Leeuwin Current. But of course, there was a large eddy right over Perth Canyon which made the Leeuwin Current flow northward along with the Leeuwin Undercurrent, causing a large net water movement northward. The current was too strong for the gliders to be able to fly against, so we've had to put a hold on our predetermined flight patterns and make some new flight plans to the to use the currents to the gliders' advantage. The result is that we have flown SG520 around the eddy and to the south of Perth Canyon while we flew SG514 to the north of Perth Canyon. Once we get all the data back, it will actually be really cool to analyze because we will be able to see how the eddy over the Perth Canyon affects the flows of the Leeuwin Current and Leeuwin Undercurrent north and south of the Perth Canyon! We will be able to detect this by locating varying temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen signatures sampled by the science sensors on the glider in the water column layers.

This past week has been a lot of computer work to pilot the gliders, though I've had some work in the glider lab as well! We've been troubleshooting a compass problem on the Slocum gliders. Whenever the compass reports a bad reading, generally when the glider is at an extreme pitch, roll, or is experiencing fluctuations in magnetic fields, the glider takes the compass out of active service, and therefore the glider aborts its dive segment, comes to the surface, and calls in via satellite to report that something is wrong. This happens because gliders fly via heading towards a directed heading or waypoint (GPS point), so if it can't use the compass, it can't fly effectively. We've made some headway on solving the problem, but have also discovered that a large portion of the problem may be on the manufacturer's side (not the manufacturer of Slocum gliders, the manufacturer of the compass that Slocum gliders use). We're also awaiting some new battery packs to arrive so we can refurbish U209 to send her out off of Perth again to study the Leeuwin Current to get more data for our project!

Last week, Dennis took Shannon and me scuba diving! We did a shore dive in Fremantle, a few kilometers south of the University of Western Australia, called Robb's Jetty. As you very well may have guessed, it was formerly a jetty before it was dismantled. Now all of the pilings and other debris form some great underwater structure for marine life, making it an awesome dive! We saw an octopus, cuttlefish, stingrays, nudibranchs, and a variety of fish! It was an awesome dive, but extremely cold!!! The water was 59 degrees F, which is not nearly as cold and Shannon and I are used to diving in back in New Jersey, but we only had our spring-time wetsuits with us (3/2 mm thickness) and no gloves or hood, so it was very cold being underwater for 45 minutes (the water depth was only about 21 feet max)! Definitely worth it though, the dive was so cool! Here's picture of a cuttlefish we saw, check out the amazing camouflage! They not only ave the ability to change the COLOR of their skin, but the TEXTURE of their skin as well!!! I have some HD video footage from our dive as well I took with my GoPro HD Hero camera, and will get a video together at some point as well!

Dennis also took us to a National Park that had a Koala enclosure! All the Koalas we sleeping, some very high in the trees, but luckily one of them woke up to stretch for a moment so I got a decent picture of him semi-awake!

Shannon and I also took a day-trip to Rottnest Island, "Rotto" for short. Rottnest Island is about 10 miles or so off the coast of Perth. Rotto used to be part of the reef system when sea level used to be higher, but now it is exposed and has become a beautiful island. We woke up early and took the first ferry out at 7:30 AM, and let me tell you all...it was WELL worth getting up early! We went out to one of the beaches called Salmon Bay, a rather large beach expanse, and we were the ONLY people on that beach for 2 full hours! The weather was BEAUTIFUL, barely any wind, and calm seas with some nice clean waves breaking farther out over the shallow reef. Amazing. Picturesque Australia.

We went snorkeling for almost an hour in Salmon Bay, and it was incredible! The limestone-reef structure was SO cool, there were so many little caves and crevices which were homes to SOOO many fish and other marine life! We saw TONS and tons of fish, as well as another octopus! The water depth probably only averaged about 8 feet or so, though it fluctuated, but it was even cooler than some [scuba] dives I've done!

After we snorkeled Salmon Bay, we explored around the island a bit, had lunch on another beach totally by ourselves, and then headed to a beach area called Green Island for some more snorkeling. Green Island is a fairly large limestone rock exposed above the surface...and it's called "Green Island" because it has green plants that grow on top of it. The snorkeling here was awesome, too! I have a LOT of HD video footage from my GoPro from snorkeling at Rotto which I'll make into a video at some point as well!

Shannon and I also saw quokkas, which are native animals to Rottnest Island (actually where Rotto gets its name from)! Quokkas are kind of like miniature kangaroos, they're really cool! And as long as you move very slowly and calmly, they come right up to you! Here's a photo I took of one of the many quokkas (they're actually nocturnal, but can be found during the day sometimes too!):

We have about two weeks left here in Perth (time has gone by so fast!!!), and then we head to Cairns for a week to scuba dive the Great Barrier Reef! So much to do still before we leave!...although we will be flying the gliders for about 4 more months from NJ and then processing and analyzing the data. Late next week, one of my friends will be coming to Australia to visit me and we'll most likely be going to stay in a bungalow on Rottnest Island for a few days!

Here's some pictures from Rottnest Island! Thanks for reading along everyone!

-Dave :)

“Travel is more than the seeing of sights; it is a change that goes on, deep and permanent, in the ideas of living.” – Miriam Beard

This is the final week of my study abroad trip to Oaxaca and I have so many mixed emotions. I remember back to when I first started this experience, I felt scared, nervous, and mostly excited. I was worrying about my classmates, homestay family, and my experience at the clinic. As I quickly found out, these were trivial things to worry about, and the real thing I should be concerned about is taking in every moment. In other words, to not be concerned with the past or counting down the days I have left in Oaxaca, but to live in the present.

Before I started this journey, I lived inside a bubble. I had never traveled outside the country before, let alone the tri-state area. My perspective on life was purely one dimensional and I had no idea what the world had to offer. That was one of the main reasons that I joined this study abroad program, so that I would have the opportunity to experience a different side of life. My first impressions of Oaxaca were that of intrigue and wonder; I became so fascinated with their lifestyle.

I have also had a lot of first-time experiences, some of which were completely unexpected. I left America for the first time, swam in the Pacific Ocean, saw wild dolphins and sea turtles, gave injections at a Clinic, took vitals, and saw breathtaking sites. I think one of the most important experiences that has happened to me in Oaxaca was seeing a baby boy born in the clinic. I never anticipated that I would be able to hold the hand of a mother giving birth. The experience was incredible, one that I will never forget. To be able to witness the first moments of someone’s life in this world was such a grounding experience. I was reminded of how precious and fragile life is. I am incredibly thankful for that experience.

There is another occasion that I will hold in my heart with pride. Before I start, I should mention that my Spanish skills when starting this trip were next to nothing. Thankfully, I have been taking Spanish three times a week in Oaxaca. Well, this week I went into the Zocalo (town center) alone, something that I have never done before. While I was there I managed to use my Spanish to change money for smaller bills, buy some books, and order some food. Towards the end of the day, I was reading and this older man comes up to me and tells me that he is a professor. In Spanish, we proceed to talk for a half an hour about several different topics ranging from his culture, Shakespeare, hippies, and Obama. Although I had to intermittently use a Spanish dictionary, I had never been so proud that I was able to communicate with a native speaker. Before starting this trip, I thought I was a lost cause when it came to learning and applying a new language. During the trip, I have heavily depended on those who speak Spanish to make my way around Oaxaca. For me to be able to go most of the day relying on my Spanish is a huge step for me in my life. I always thought that if I were to travel I would be limited by the language, because I thought I would never be able to pick up any language. It gives me so much hope and pride about my future to know that I can do things I put my mind too.

As the trip is coming to a close, I remind myself, as I said in the beginning, to live in the present moment. It is hard to not get upset when I think that I will be ending this journey shortly. But all things must change otherwise they would have no meaning or value. I hope with all my heart that someday I will be able to come back to Oaxaca, and I encourage anyone who is reading this to travel there. I have had an experience of a lifetime and have gained so many new experiences and perspectives on life. I want to thank Rutgers and Proworld for this amazing opportunity! Adios!

from the beach to mountain tops

This week has been full of amazing adventures. At the beginning of the week we traveled to the beach in Puerto Escondido. This excursion involved a seven hour bus ride through many potholes and twisting roads. The ride to Puerto was adventurous, but nothing could have prepared us for what lay ahead. We arrived at our cabana which is basically a fancy term for a hut with palm fronds for a roof. We soon discovered that the Pacific Ocean (which I had never seen before) was only half a block from our cabana. The next day, we left early in the morning for a boat ride in the ocean. To our amazement we were able to swim with wild dolphins and sea turtles. The rest of the weekend was spent exploring the town and sampling the local food. Then we had a long ride back through the winding mountains to Oaxaca

Puerto Escondido opened my eyes to yet another type of lifestyle, one of nonstop adventures and excitement. How often does one get the chance to swim with dolphins and look back to the shore and see a beautiful mountainous landscape? As much fun as Puerto was, I soon realized that the lifestyle was not for me. I often found myself becoming overwhelmed with the amount of activities available. For example, it was common for us to walk down the street with waves crashing to our left, venders selling crafts on our right, and a couple of stray dogs following us from behind. I enjoyed our stay at Puerto Escondido, but I was also glad to return to my home stay mom.

The rest of the week continued on as normal, but there was another trip in the back of our minds… Benito Juerez. Benito Juerez is a mountainous range located near Oaxaca. The part that our group hiked on had an altitude of 10,000 feet! We hiked up part of the mountain; I surprisingly did not have any difficulty breathing even though I have asthma. Every inhale was deliciously fresh compared to the polluted city air found in Oaxaca. When we got most way up the mountain we were greeted by a set of zip lines, which stretched over a small valley. I was the first to go across the zip line! It was an amazing experience, to let go of all control and trust completely in someone else’s engineering and equipment. When I finally reached the other side, I was jittery from the adrenaline rush and I immediately hopped in line to go again. By the end of the day everyone had gone across the zip line at least once and we all left with a new sense of accomplishment.

The next day I was thinking about the events on Benito Juerez. I thought to myself, if I had never come to Mexico then I never would have had the experience of zip lining. This then led me to recall all of the amazing adventures that I have had over the past couple of weeks. It was almost scary to think that I could have missed out, because several family members and friends had advised me not to go to Mexico. As I was thinking, I felt an extreme sense of happiness and pride that I had put my own desires first, and accomplished the goals that I had set. After this past weekend, I realize how important it is to take chances, trust, and never let fear prevent you from attaining your dreams.

France Days 11-22

France 2011 Day 11- Visiting a Maconnais Winery

France Day 13- Tasting Epoisses

France 2011 Day 14- Market Day

France 2011 Day 15 - Visit to Chateau Cromatin (Still mispelling it as chromatin)

France 2011 Day 16 - Journey to Beaune

France 2011 Days 19 & 20 - Into the Jura Mountains Near Switzerland

France 2011 Day 21 - Farewell

France 2011 Day 22 - Back to Paris and a Final Dinner